Vector-borne diseases are increasing worldwide due to climate change, among other factors, and their long-term implications need to be studied to develop effective prevention strategies. Chikungunya is an emerging threat that can continue to have deadly effects even three months after recovery from the infection, according to new research published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. (Also read: From a scientific perspective | First chikungunya vaccine could be a game changer in global health)
Chikungunya virus is an arthropod-borne alphavirus spread by mosquitoes. One of its most prominent side effects is that it can cause severe pain and other joint problems in the body. Chronic arthritis caused by chikungunya virus develops in about 60 percent of infected individuals. It is spread by the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Chikungunya is known to have serious complications that can even lead to death, especially in the elderly. At present there is no treatment available for this infection, although its vaccine is being developed in America.
People infected with chikungunya virus remain at risk of death from its complications for up to three months after infection, according to new Lancet research. Researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) analyzed nearly 150,000 recorded chikungunya infections using data from a cohort of 100 million Brazilians. According to the study, in the first week of infection, patients were 8 times more likely to die than unexposed individuals. They were still twice as likely to die from complications three months after infection. These complications included cardiovascular conditions such as ischemic heart disease, metabolic and kidney diseases, independent of age group and gender.
What should be done to avoid complications of chikungunya?
“The risks following Chikungunya infection are worrisome and should not be taken lightly. While the acute phase passes, complications such as arthritis, neurological problems and even death can persist for up to three months. Symptoms such as Vigilance is important in monitoring joint pain, fever and severe headache. Patients should prioritize rest, hydration and pain management while seeking medical attention for any associated development. Eliminate mosquito breeding sites and use repellents. Preventive measures are paramount. Early detection and appropriate management are essential to reduce the long-term burden of this often underestimated virus,” says Dr Nidhin Mohan, Consultant Internal Medicine, Narayana Health City, Bangalore.
“Elderly patients and those with pre-existing health problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure are at greater risk. Unlike dengue and other viral fevers, chikungunya requires monitoring for 3 months or more because symptoms persist for a longer period of time Historically chikungunya has a low mortality rate but few studies have looked at the risk of death in patients older than 3 months, many more studies are needed, says Dr. Nidhin.
“Chikungunya, although not usually fatal, can cause a variety of complications, especially in vulnerable populations. The risk of death can persist for up to three months after initial infection. Common complications include severe joint pain, arthritis, Symptoms include neurological and neurological problems such as encephalitis. To prevent these complications, it is important to avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and staying indoors during peak mosquito activity. Additionally, staying hydrated and getting plenty of rest can help the body fight it and reduce the risk of infection and complications. It is essential to seek medical attention to receive appropriate treatment and monitoring if you experience serious symptoms,” Dr. . Says Ashutosh Shukla, medical consultant and senior director, internal medicine, Max Hospital, Gurugram.
