Is HMPV dangerous or not? Doctors warn of COVID-19-like respiratory and liver risks What to do and what not to do mint

So far, about 10 cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) have been reported in India. Concerns are being raised about the potential effects of this common respiratory virus beyond the lungs.

Although the symptoms of HMPV and COVID-19 are similar, doctors emphasize that HMPV is not a new virus and has been around for decades.

HMPV is known to cause symptoms like cough, breathing problems and cold. However, doctors at Marengo Asia Hospital Faridabad warn that it can also damage the liver, resulting in inflammation and other health complications.

livemint We spoke to medical professionals to learn more about the risks and treatments, and to determine whether widespread infection should be cause for concern.

What is HMPV virus?

HMPV is like any other respiratory disease. “It can cause upper or lower respiratory symptoms like common cold, cough, fever, wheezing, difficulty breathing, high fever, dehydration, chills and runny nose. It can cause flu-like symptoms in the elderly and very young children. It can also cause bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and young children,” said Dr Pankaj Chhabra, Clinical Director-Respiratory and Sleep Medicine at Marengo Asia Hospitals Faridabad.

HMPV cases in India

Another HMPV case was reported in Mumbai on Wednesday. At least 10 cases of HMPV have been reported so far in India.

HMPV affects the liver

According to Dr Bir Singh Sehrawat, head of gastroenterology and program clinical director at Marengo Asia Hospital, Faridabad, HMPV is primarily a respiratory virus. Nevertheless, it also has a significant impact on the liver. Infection may cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and stomach pain. It can also lead to liver inflammation, indicated by an increase in liver enzymes such as SGOT and SGPT.

“This virus causes infection in the liver and increases its enzymes. So, this increase in enzymes in the liver indicates inflammation, which is caused by this virus infection. After they infect the liver, the liver becomes swollen. Due to that inflammation, SGOT and SGPT levels increase in the blood and other liver functions are disturbed. “Inflammation of the liver caused by this virus can also cause other liver-related symptoms, such as loss of appetite, stomach pain, abdominal discomfort, vomiting and nausea,” Dr. Bir Singh Sehrawat said.

Who can contract HMPV?

While anyone can become infected with hMPV, the virus can be deadly to people with underlying health conditions and young children under the age of five, especially those born prematurely.

“Symptoms may get worse or take longer to resolve in people with chronic respiratory problems (asthma, COPD, or other lung conditions). HMPV can put young children at risk for bronchiolitis or pneumonia. In severe cases, hospitalization and oxygen support may be required,” said Dr Pankaj Chhabra.

HMPV cases rise in India: Do’s and don’ts

Prevention is important here. People should take the usual precautions we all take against respiratory infections.

• If someone has cough and cold, they should avoid contact with others to prevent the spread of infection.
• Use a separate handkerchief or towel to cough or sneeze.
• Take medicine prescribed by the doctor for cold or fever.
• Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20-30 seconds.
• Avoid touching your face with dirty hands.
• Clean commonly used surfaces like door handles and toys.
• If you are sick, stay indoors.
• If you or your children develop cold-like symptoms, practice good respiratory hygiene. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing.
• Avoid sharing utensils and other personal items with others.
• Avoid direct contact, such as shaking hands or hugging.
• Eat a balanced diet, get proper sleep and stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
• Avoid going to crowded places.
• Eat fresh fruits and vegetables.
• Do regular exercise to increase immunity.

“People with weakened immune systems may be more susceptible. Therefore, patients with certain conditions like HIV, cancer or autoimmune disorders need to be extra cautious,” Dr. Pankaj Chhabra said.

HMPV vs COVID-19

Reports have shown that liver dysfunction and respiratory complications are common manifestations in COVID-19 patients.

HMPV, on the other hand, usually causes mild to moderate respiratory symptoms such as cough and congestion. It can lead to more serious complications such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, especially in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.