Developed in 2018 by the International Papillomavirus Society (IPVS), International HPV Awareness Day is now observed on March 4 each year and is an annual opportunity to educate about the human papillomavirus, its associated cancers, and prevention tips against that virus. We have the tools to end it. And the ability to prevent cancer caused by HPV. In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Nanda Rajneesh, Visiting Consultant – Breast Onco Surgery and Bariatric Surgery at Sakra World Hospital, Bengaluru, shared, “Human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus, often shows no symptoms and is asymptomatic in its You may be fine.” Within two years in about 90% of cases. However, it can lead to the formation of warts or precancerous lesions, which increases the risk of various cancers in areas such as the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, mouth, tonsils or throat.
He revealed, “The main mode of transmission is through sexual contact, which mainly affects the cells of the cervix. While the immune system can usually clear away most infections, persistent high-risk HPV infection can result in chronic cervical infection and the emergence of precancerous lesions. If ignored, these lesions can turn into cervical cancer due to genetic alterations and the activities of viral oncogenes E6 and E7, which stimulate cell replication and tumor formation. Notably, HPV16 and HPV18 are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancers, with HPV16 causing approximately 90% of oropharyngeal cancers.
He highlighted, “Genital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis are often caused by HPV 6 and HPV 11. HPV is linked to most anal, cervical, vaginal, vulvar and penile cancers. Persistent high-risk HPV infection substantially increases the risk of cancer, with approximately 10% of women experiencing long-term cervical infection. Prompt detection and management of high-risk HPV infections is important in preventing precancerous changes and reducing health risks.
Bringing in her expertise, Dr. Swati Gaikwad, consultant obstetrician and gynecologist at Motherhood Hospital, Pune, said, “Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses that infect various parts of the body, primarily the genital area. Can do. While many HPV infections clear up on their own, some persistent infections can cause serious health problems. HPV is usually spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Of the more than 100 different types of HPV, some are classified as high risk, increasing the chance of developing cancer. Dr. Swati Gaikwad said, “Persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains, especially types 16 and 18, is a major cause of cervical cancer in women. Additionally, HPV can contribute to cancers of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and oropharynx (the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils). The link between HPV and cancer arises when the virus interferes with the normal regulation of cell growth, leading to the formation of abnormal cells that can eventually become cancerous. Regular screening, such as Pap smears and HPV testing, is important for early detection of abnormalities and preventing the development of cancer.
He elaborated, “Vaccination is an important tool in preventing HPV-related cancers. Vaccines like Gardasil 9 protect against the most common high-risk HPV types, providing a strong protection against cervical and other cancers. The recommended age for HPV vaccination is early adolescence, ideally before any sexual activity, to maximize its effectiveness. By promoting awareness and proactive health care measures, we can reduce the impact of HPV on individuals and communities, ultimately working toward a healthy and cancer-free future.
