Dementia, a condition in which memory and other cognitive skills decline, is a major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide and to date, more than 55 million individuals suffer from dementia, with approximately 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. It is the seventh leading cause of death and a major contributor to disability and dependency among older populations globally.
In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Sameer Gupta, Director and HOD of Neurology at Yatharth Superspeciality Hospital, Faridabad, shared, “Dementia is now recognised as the leading neurocognitive disorder, which manifests as a progressive and persistent decline in cognitive functions, reducing a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. Age, sex, and genetics are significant risk factors for dementia, with the risk being higher with age and being female. However, modifiable risk factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, hearing loss, social isolation, and depression also contribute significantly.”
Recognizing the early symptoms and signs of dementia is crucial for timely intervention and according to Dr. Sameer Gupta, these symptoms include forgetfulness, misplacing objects, getting lost even in familiar surroundings, confusion, difficulty solving problems, mood and behaviour changes, etc. He informed, “Diagnosis of dementia involves a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s medical history and clinical investigations, including cognitive function tests. Additionally, tests for nutritional deficiencies, hormonal disorders, and certain infections are conducted to identify reversible causes. Brain imaging techniques play a vital role in confirming the diagnosis.”
Although there is no definitive test available for Alzheimer’s disease, ongoing research is focused on developing cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests to identify it. Dr. Sameer Gupta explained, “Treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia primarily include medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and antiplatelets. Additionally, management of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol is essential. Recent advances in dementia treatment include the FDA approval of recombinant monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer’s disease. However, their efficacy and controversies surrounding their use underscore the need for more research and development in this area.”
He elaborated, “While current treatments aim to control symptoms rather than provide a cure, preventive measures play an important role. Lifestyle modifications such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, and engaging in social and mental activities can reduce the risk of dementia. In conclusion, dementia represents a significant public health challenge with far-reaching implications. By raising awareness, investing in research and promoting preventive strategies, we can work towards reducing its impact and improving the quality of life for affected individuals and their caregivers.”
Sharing her expertise on this, Sama Baig, Chief Product Officer, Imoha said, “Dementia is a leading disease in India, significantly impacting the lives of individuals and their families. It is important to recognise the importance of both emotional and physical support in managing this condition. As our population ages, it is imperative to emphasise the need for comprehensive care solutions that address the multifaceted challenges posed by dementia. Early intervention and proactive support not only enhance the quality of life of seniors but also provide their loved ones with the much-needed support and compassion to accompany them on this journey.”
Sama Baig explains that the profound impact of dementia on family members cannot be underestimated. She added, “This challenging disease not only transforms the lives of those directly affected, but also places a significant burden on their loved ones. As a result, in-home care plays a vital role, allowing seniors to remain in the comfort and familiarity of their own homes for as long as possible. Professionally trained caregivers can provide assistance with daily living, medication supervision, and cognitive stimulation – as well as providing vital respite to family members. This continuity of personal care helps maintain dignity and quality of life.”
Emphasising that preventive care and timely interventions are key to mitigate the effects of dementia and promote healthy ageing, he said, “The elderly care service industry must educate on lifestyle factors such as physical activity, nutrition, cognitive engagement and stress management. It is imperative to engage individuals with dementia in a personalised way by recognising their identities and interests. This not only reduces the sense of confusion but also improves their overall health. Regular cognitive screening should be a standard practice to catch problems early, potentially slowing down decline.”
Highlighting that although we still haven’t been able to cure Alzheimer’s and other dementias, we can certainly improve the way we care for those who have them and support all the caregivers who sacrifice so much, Sama Baig said, “From adult day programs and residential memory care to caregiver support services and counseling, our industry must provide a continuum of compassionate solutions. In the compassionate care of individuals with dementia, it is important for caregivers to approach their role with humility and flexibility. This means being willing to adapt their methods and strategies to suit the unique needs and requirements of the person they are caring for. It is important to put the person in mind before the disease and engage them in ways they find meaningful. By doing so, they can create a more supportive and comfortable environment that promotes the person’s well-being and preserves their dignity.”
Dementia may take away memories, but it need not take away humanity. With the right care approaches based on empathy and expertise, we can ensure that our elders live with the dignity and quality of life they deserve.
