Common Vaginal Problems: Types, Treatment, and Prevention Tips for Vaginal Health

Maintaining vaginal health plays an important role in women’s overall health as vaginal problems affect fertility and can also lead to stress, relationship difficulties and loss of self-confidence. The vagina is a sensitive aspect of the female reproductive system but sometimes, a woman may notice deviations in its typical functionality.

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Aswati Nair, fertility specialist at Nova IVF Fertility in Rajouri Garden, New Delhi, shared, “It is not uncommon for women to face sporadic vaginal concerns, which may be triggered by changes in the menstrual cycle or intimacy. May arise from encounters. However, it is advisable to address and investigate these concerns early to prevent them from progressing into more serious problems or medical conditions.

Types of vaginal problems

According to Dr. Aswati Nair, some vaginal conditions such as sexually transmitted diseases that affect the vagina are more serious than mild issues like yeast infections and some of the common vaginal problems are –

• Vaginitis: Vaginitis is a general term that describes inflammation of the vagina. Normally, there is a healthy balance of bacteria and yeast. But when this natural balance is disturbed, women may experience discomfort and an unusual odor. Vaginitis can be caused by yeast infection, or the introduction of new products such as soap or even different types of fabric in the lining of underwear can also cause vaginal inflammation. Atrophic vaginitis is another condition that occurs after menstruation. Along with this, there is also dryness and swelling in the vagina.
• Bacterial vaginosis: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by the overgrowth of bacteria. Maintaining the right balance is important for vaginal health, as BV can cause vaginal itching or discomfort and a prominent fishy odor. Additionally, BV can increase the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV. This is also a growing concern for pregnant women.
• Trichomoniasis: Trichomoniasis is an STD disease caused by parasitic infection. Its signs include redness, itching, discomfort during urination, vaginal discharge, and odor.
• Vulvodynia: Vulvodynia is a chronic condition that results in pain around the opening of the vagina. Symptoms may include burning, stinging, rawness, soreness, and even swelling. If not addressed, it can interfere with intimate relationships and cause anxiety.
• STI: STIs are a significant cause of vaginal problems. Chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes and genital herpes can cause serious concerns like vaginal discharge, bleeding, pain and can have a serious impact on one’s health and well-being.
• Vaginal dryness: There may be harsh products used, low estrogen levels and stress that can cause dryness. However, lack of moisture during intercourse is a concern.

Tailored Treatment: A Comprehensive Approach to Vaginal Health

Dr Aswati Nair reveals, “Vaginal problems are treated with a combination of methods which usually include low potency topical steroids, oral antibiotics, antifungal and antibacterial lotions. Medicines like Clotrimazole and Butoconazole are commonly prescribed for effective management of the above diseases. Antibiotics, such as clindamycin or metronidazole (Flagyl), are often used to treat bacterial vaginitis (BV), while inflammation caused by allergic reactions is treated with antihistamines.

Preventive Measures: Strategies for Vaginal Health

Bringing in her expertise, Dr. Manju Gupta, Senior Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Motherhood Hospital, suggested the following techniques to prevent common vaginal problems –

• Keep your genital area clean: Clean your vaginal area with water and mild, unscented soap.
• Choose appropriate panties and sanitary napkins: It is important to choose the right undergarment to ensure that your vaginal area is dry. Cotton is a good material for undergarments. It is advisable not to wear underwear while sleeping as the underwear will not retain the moisture of the vaginal discharge. Additionally, scented tampons, pads, and liners should not be used during menstruation.
• Avoid tight clothes: Wearing very tight clothes or shapewear for long periods of time can sometimes lead to vaginal infections.
• Avoid wearing wet swimwear and underpants for long periods of time: Swimsuits should not be worn longer than necessary as it keeps everything warm and moist, wearing a wet swimsuit will encourage the spread of yeast.
• Clean and dry your vaginal area after each toilet use: Make sure you wipe and dry your vaginal area every time you use the washroom. To prevent spreading germs or yeast between your vagina, urinary tract and anus after using the toilet, wipe from front to back.